المعاهدات المغربية البريطانية في عهد الدولة العلوية

Articles of Peace and Commerce between the most High and Renowned Prince George II, by the Grace of God, King of Great-Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. And the most High and Glorious, Mighty and right Noble Prince Muley Hammet Dahebby, Ben Muley Ismael, Ben Muley Zeriph, Ben Muley Aly, King and Emperor of the Kingdom of Fez and Morocco, Tafilet, Suz, and all the Algarbe and its Territories in Africa, &c. Concluded, agreed, and adjusted by John Russell Esq; on the Behalf of his Britannick Majesty, and by his Excellency Bashaw Hamet, Ben Aly, Ben Abdalla, and his Imperial Majesty’s Admiral of Sallee, Hadge Abdelcader Perez, on the Behalf of the Emperor of Fez and Morocco, January 14, 1728.

I. That all Moors or Jews subject to the Emperor of Morocco shall be allowed a free Traffic, viz. to buy or sell for 30 Days in the City of Gibraltar or Island of Minorca, and not to reside in either Place, but to depart with their Effects, without Let or Molestation, to any Part of the said Emperor of Morocco’s Dominions.

II. That the King of Great Britain’s Subjects residing in Barbary shall not be obliged to appear before the Cadi or Justices of the Country; but only the Governor of the Place and his Britannick Majesty’s Consul are to take Cognizance of and adjust the Differences they may have with the Natives of the Country.

III. That the menial Servants of his Britannick Majesty’s Subjects, though Natives of the Country, either Moors or Jews, be exempt from Taxes of all Kinds.

IV. That all his Britannick Majesty’s Subjects, as well Passengers as others, taken by any of the Emperor of Fez and Morocco’s Cruizers, on board any foreign Ship or Vessel whatever, shall immediately be set at Liberty and sent to the City of Gibraltar.

V. That there be Permission for buying Provisions and all other Necessaries for his Britannick Majesty’s Fleet, or City of Gibraltar, at any of the Emperor of Fez and Morocco’s Sea Ports, at the Market Prices, and the same to be shipped off without paying Custom, as has been extorted lately contrary to the Treaty of Peace subsisting.

VI. All the other Articles, being fifteen in Number, concluded, agreed, and adjusted by the Honourable Charles Steward, Esq; on the Behalf of his Britannick Majesty, and by his Excellency Bashaw Hamet Ben Aly, Ben Abdalla, and his Imperial Majesty’s Treasurer Mr. Moses Ben Hatter, a Jew, on the Behalf of the said King of Fez and Morocco, shall stand good, and be of the same Force, as in the Reign of the most high and renowned Prince George I, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, &c. of glorious Memory, and the high and glorious, mighty and right Noble Prince Albumazar Muley Ismael late Emperor of Morocco.

And it is farther agreed, that all the Articles aforementioned, as well the fifteen, as these additional ones, shall in twenty Days after the Date hereof be published in the Arabick Language, and affixed on the Gates of all the Sea-port Towns in his Imperial Majesty’s Dominions.

Signed and dated at the Court of Mequinez, January 14, 1728.

A Treaty of Peace and Friendship, between the King of Great Britain, and the Emperor of Morocco in 1751.

GEORGE the Second, by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Christian Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Arch-Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, &c. To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting:

Whereas a Treaty for establishing Peace and Friendship was concluded and signed on the 14th of December 1734, and copied the 15th of Rabbei the First, in the Year 1164, which is, in English Stile, the 15th Day of January 1750, O.S.; and the Additional Articles of Peace and Commerce, concluded and signed at the Court of Fez, on the 1st of February 1751, N.S., between Us and the High, Glorious, Potent, and most Noble Prince Mulay Abedela, Ben Mulay Ismael, Ben Mulay Seriph, Ben Mulay Aly, King and Emperor of the Kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Taffilete, Sus and the whole Algarbe, and the Territories thereof, by William Petticrew, Esq; our Consul General on our Part, and by the Alcaide Habed Lohab Ben Hamed Limury, first Minister, on the Behalf and by Order of the said King of Fez and Morocco, in the Words and Form following.

The Treaty of Peace between his Majesty George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, and Mulay Abedela Ben Ismael, King and Emperor of Fez, Mequinez, Morocco, and all the West of Africa, God bless him; and the following Articles were concluded by Alcaide Habeb Lohab, first Minister, and William Petticrew, Esq; his Britannick Majesty’s Consul General.

I. For establishing Peace and Friendship, it is agreed and concluded for firm and valid, both by Land and Sea in all the Dominions of both Powers, that the English in general shall and may now, and at all Times hereafter, enjoy and continue in Peace and Friendship with the Emperor and his Subjects, and be well used and respected by the Emperor’s Subjects, agreeable to the Order and Commands of the Emperor.

II. That such Number or Quantity of Passports, as may be necessary, be transmitted to the Emperor, indented in such Manner as shall tally with the Passports that shall be received by the English Merchants in England; and if an English Man of War meets with any Merchant Ships belonging to the Emperor, such Merchant Ships shall be obliged to produce and show their Passports given to them by the English Consul.

III. If any Dispute shall happen between the English and the Emperor’s Subjects, the same not to be determined by a Judge, but ended and adjusted by the English Consul and the Coved, that is, the Mayor of the Town, where such Dispute shall happen.

IV. That none of the Emperor’s Subjects shall, at any Time, forcibly enter the Houses of the English, or any Place belonging to them, or take and carry away any of their Goods and Effects, unless they have Leave and Authority from the Emperor so to do; that if any of the Emperor’s Subjects shall hire any English Ship to carry and convey Goods from one Part of the Emperor’s Dominions to another, and shall happen by Stress of Weather, or any other Occasion, to touch at any Place or Places in the Voyage, such Ship or Ships shall not be obliged to pay any Thing for the Shelter or Assistance they may receive; and that no English whatever, or any of their Servants, though not English, shall be liable to pay the Tax imposed upon the Emperor’s Subjects, called the Poll-Tax.

V. That the Fifteen Articles of Peace, made and concluded between King George the First and Muley Ismael, are hereby agreed to and confirmed with his Majesty King George the Second, as good and valid, and shall be faithfully kept and observed, together with the aforesaid four Articles.

Treaty of Peace between his Majesty George the Second, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, and Mulay Abedela Ben Ismael, King and Emperor of Fez, Mequinez, Morocco, and all the West of Africa, God bless him; and the four following Articles were concluded by Ahammed Basha and William Petticrew, Esquire.

I. That if any English shall happen to be on board any Ship or Ships, Enemies to the Emperor, that may be taken by the Emperor’s Ships, such English shall be well treated, delivered into the Hands of the English Consul, and have Liberty to go where they please. This Article to continue in Force for six Months from the Conclusion of this Peace; in which Time it is required that Notice shall be given by the King of Great Britain to all the English Subjects, not to embark on board any of the Emperor’s Enemies’ Ships; for after that Time, if the English shall so embark, the Blame must be their own, as no Regard will be had to them more than the Emperor’s Enemies.

II. If any of the Emperor’s Subjects shall be made Slaves, and escape to an English Man of War, or to Gibraltar, Port Mahon, or any of the English Dominions, they shall be protected, and with all convenient Speed sent to their respective Homes. The like Treatment to be given to the English who shall be Slaves, and escape to any Part of the Emperor’s Dominions.

III. If any English shall contract any Thing to be paid to the Emperor’s Subjects, Notes shall be given for the same; and in like Manner the same to be observed by the Emperor’s Subjects in the English Dominions; and if it shall happen that such Subjects of either Power cannot write, they shall get some Person to write such Notes for them.

IV. That no Excuse be made, or Ignorance of this Peace pretended; the same shall be published and declared to all the Subjects of both Powers, both what is now agreed on, and the Articles concluded with King George the First; which Declaration shall be signed by each Power, and by them kept, to prevent Disputes. This Treaty was concluded the 15th of December 1734, and copied the 15th of Rabbei the First, in the Year 1164, which is, in English Stile, the 15th of January 1750.

Additional Articles of Peace and Commerce between the most High, Illustrious, and most Renowned Prince George the Second, by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Christian Faith, &c.; and the High, Glorious, Mighty, and most Noble Prince Mulay Abedela, Ben Mulay Ismael, Ben Mulay Seriph, Ben Mulay Aly, King and Emperor of the Kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Taffilete, Sus, and all the Algarbe and its Territories; agreed on and concluded by William Petticrew, Esq; on the Behalf of his Britannick Majesty, and by the Alcaide Habed Lohab Ben Hamed Limury, first Minister, on the Behalf and by Order of the King of Fez and Morocco.

I. It is agreed on and concluded, that from henceforward there shall be, between his Majesty of Great Britain, Prince and Elector of Hanover, and the King of Fez and Morocco, their Heirs and Successors, a general, true and perfect Peace for ever, as well by Land as by Sea and fresh Waters; and also between the Lands, Kingdoms, Dominions and Territories belonging to or under the Jurisdiction of his Britannick Majesty in Germany, and those appertaining to the King of Fez and Morocco; and their Subjects, People or Inhabitants respectively, of what Condition, Degree or Quality soever, from henceforth reciprocally shall owe the other all Friendship; and that all Ships, Vessels, Passengers with their Effects, trafficking voluntarily, or compelled by Enemies, Disasters of the Seas, or any Accident whatsoever, to the Coasts of the Emperor of Fez and Morocco’s Dominions, being his Britannick Majesty’s Subjects in Germany, shall from henceforth be treated with the said Regulations as specified by the Treaties of Peace now subsisting between his Britannick Majesty and the King of Fez and Morocco.

II. It is agreed that all Ships and Vessels belonging to his Britannick Majesty in Germany shall carry a proper Pass, and that a Copy of such Pass, with the Heads of the said Passes, shall be sent to his Britannick Majesty’s Consul residing in Barbary, to the end that he may deliver the same to the Commanders or Captains of the King of Fez and Morocco’s Ships of War or Cruisers, to the end that due Regard may be had to this Peace, and that no Commander or Captain may offend through Ignorance; and all Commanders or Captains of Ships or Vessels belonging to his Britannick Majesty’s Subjects in Germany, meeting with any Ship or Vessel belonging to the King of Fez and Morocco, or his Subjects, if the Commander of such Ship or Vessel produce a Pass signed by the Governor of the City they belong to, with a Certificate from the English Consul, and, in case of his Death or Absence, from the major Part of the English Merchants residing in the said Place, in such Cases the said Ship or Vessel shall pursue freely her Voyage without Hindrance or Molestation.

III. It is agreed that the King of Great Britain’s Subjects shall not be obliged to appear before Justices of the Country on any Cause, but that only the Governor of the City and his Britannick Majesty’s Consul shall take Cognizance of, and adjust, the Differences or Suits they may have with the Moors or other Inhabitants in the Dominions of the King of Fez and Morocco.

IV. It is agreed that no Governor or Officer under the King of Fez and Morocco shall, without the King’s special Order, visit or register the Dwelling-houses or Magazines of any of his Britannick Majesty’s Subjects residing in Barbary; and that all British Ships taking Freight in any Port of the King of Fez and Morocco, to carry to other Ports of the said Kingdom, shall be exempted from all Port Charges as usual, in whatever Port they may put in; and that the Consul and the other British Merchants shall be freely allowed to have Moors or Jews as their Interpreters and Brokers, who shall be exempted from all Taxes, as likewise all their Domestic Servants.

All the other Articles, being Fifteen in Number, concluded, agreed and adjusted by the Admiral Charles Stewart on the Behalf of his Britannick Majesty; and by his Excellency Bashaw Hamet Ben Aley, Ben Abdalla, and his Imperial Majesty’s Treasurer Mr. Moses Benatar, on Behalf of the said King of Fez and Morocco, shall stand good and be of the same Force, as in the Reign of the Most High, Illustrious and Renowned Prince George the First, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, of Glorious Memory; and the High, Mighty, and Most Noble Prince Muley Ismael late Emperor of Morocco; as likewise the other Articles, being Three in Number, agreed and concluded by John Leonard Sollicoffre, Esq; on Behalf of his Britannick Majesty, and his Excellency Bashaw Hamet Ben Ally Ben Abdella on Behalf of the King of Fez and Morocco.

It is agreed on and concluded that all the Articles aforementioned, being Eighteen in Number, with these additional Articles that are translated into the Arabick Language, Copies thereof be sent to all his Imperial Majesty’s Alcaides and Officers of all the Ports in his Dominions, there to be read by the Cady or Chief Justice in Publick Assembly; and afterwards to remain deposited either in the Hands of the Judge, or the Alcaide of the Port, that Recourse may be had thereto on all Occasions which may occur; and that the Ratifications of the said Articles shall be made within the Term of Six Months, or sooner if possible, in Spanish, which shall be received and be of equal Force.

Dated and signed at the Court of Fez on the 1st of February 1751, N.S. Signed: Abdeltowab Aly Moory.